Scope of Forensic Odontology
Legal odontology has grounded roots going back 2000 years. Initially, it was not logical and absolutely not a discipline requiring progressed preparing. There have been numerous mechanical advances in the study of dentistry since the fourth century.
Extent of Forensic Odontology :
- Distinguishing obscure human remaining parts through dental records and cranio-facial bones.
- Age assessment of both the living and expired.
- Acknowledgment and investigation of indentations found on casualties.
- Investigation of oro-facial injury related with individual maltreatment.
- Deciding the sex of a unidentified person.
- Inspiring the nationality.
- Helping with developing an image of way of life and diet of skeletal remaining parts.
- Investigation of dental misbehavior claims.
- Introducing proof in court as a specialist witness.
- 10/6/2016 10saurabh bhargava
11. Boundaries to be thought about.. 1. Teeth. 2. Prosthetic apparatus spans, partials, crown, dentures. 3. Shape, structure (morphological) idiosyncrasies. 4. Hereditary oddities. 10/6/2016 11saurabh bhargava
12. Contextual analysis 10/6/2016 12saurabh bhargava
13. Fundamental Dentistry • Each tooth has a crown (apparent part that juts above gum) and a root (installed into the attachment in the jaw bone). • Crown is covered by polish , under the lacquer is a layer of dentin which encompasses the mash pit. • The root is encircled by cementum. • Periodontal tendon present among cementum and bone of the jaw holds the tooth in jaw. 10/6/2016 13saurabh bhargava
14. Two curves present in the oral depression — Maxillary curve — Mandibular curve Since the two curves are even ; the entire dentition is partitioned into 4 quadrant ; each containing a similar number and same sorts of teeth , as-•2 Incisors •1 Canine •2 Pre molars •3 Molars MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA 10/6/2016 14saurabh bhargava
15. DENTITION MAXILLARY DENTITION RIGHT UPPER LEFT UPPER MANDIBULAR DENTITION RIGHT LOWER LEFT LOWER DENTITION 10/6/2016 15saurabh bhargava
16. 2 INCISOR 1 CANINE 2 PREMOLAR 3 MOLAR ONE QUADRENT DENTITION 10/6/2016 16saurabh bhargava
17. Each tooth has 5 surfaces-• Incisal/Occlusal surface • Buccal/Labial/Facial surface • Lingual/Palatal surface • Mesial surface • Distal surface 10/6/2016 17saurabh bhargava
18. INCISORS • Eight in number (four in each curve) • Anterior teeth with wide crown and meager, sharp, etch like incisal/bleeding edge • Has a solitary root • Used for cutting purposes 10/6/2016 18saurabh bhargava
19. CANINES • Four in number ( two in each curve ) • Also called cuspid, as they have a sharp/pointed cusp • Present at the edge of the curve • Has a solitary root • Used for tearing of the eatables; that is the reason more noticeable in savage creatures. 10/6/2016 19saurabh bhargava
20. PRE MOLARS • Eight in number ( four in each curve ) • Present just in long-lasting dentition • Each premolar normally has two cusps • Premolars (other than first maxillary premolars which has two roots) have a solitary root 10/6/2016 20saurabh bhargava
21. MOLARS • Twelve in number (six in each curve). • Posterior most teeth in dentition. • Usually have 3–5 cusps • Multi-established teeth. • Wide occlusal surface adjusted for biting and squashing of food. • third molar is the last tooth to emit. 10/6/2016 21saurabh bhargava
22. Incisors (I) Adapted for gnawing, cutting and stripping Canines © Adapted for seizing, piercing and tearing Premolars (P) Adapted for granulating, smashing, shearing and cutting Molars (M) Adapted for pounding and pulverizing Each kind of tooth is adjusted to play out the particular capacities recorded beneath. 10/6/2016 22saurabh bhargava
23. Dental Formula • A well evolved creature’s dental equation assigns the quantity of each sort of tooth found in its dentition • It gives one sort of quantitative proportion of the contrasts between — distinctive genders and periods of similar species, — various species, and — creature bunches having diverse taking care of techniques or diets • Dental recipes are utilized to measure contrast between tests. • Our particular objective in this considering the dental formulae is to have the option to quantitatively look at and recognizable proof of carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, and an insectivore. 10/6/2016 23saurabh bhargava
24. Would you be able to tell the distinctions of these indentations? 10/6/2016 24saurabh bhargava
25. What to search for..? • The shape or arch • No. of bite marks • Horizontal breadth • Vertical measurement • Depth of discouragement • Distances between two teeth • Orientation of every tooth • Other sensible answers 10/6/2016 25saurabh bhargava
26. Human Dentition Incisors: 2 Canine: 1 Premolar: 2 Molar: 3 Dental recipe of a human grown-up is: I 2/2, c 1/1, pm 2/2, m 3/3 basically 2123 10/6/2016 26saurabh bhargava
27. Distinguish the most likely creature just by taking a gander at the dentition 10/6/2016 27saurabh bhargava
28. Distinguish the most likely creature just by taking a gander at the dentition 10/6/2016 28saurabh bhargava
29. Distinguish the most likely creature just by taking a gander at the dentition 10/6/2016 29saurabh bhargava
30. Recognize the most plausible creature just by taking a gander at the dentition 10/6/2016 30saurabh bhargava
31. Tooth type and Diet type • Tooth size, shape, and game plan in the mouth are significant determinants of the kind of food a creature can acquire and devour. • Teeth can be utilized to determine what sort of diet a creature has. • Four significant gatherings of creatures concerning diet — Carnivore (meat eater) — Herbivore (plant eater) — Insectivore (creepy crawly and worm eater) — Omnivore (a creature that eats an assortment of food sources including meat and plants). 10/6/2016 31saurabh bhargava
32. Carnivores share extraordinary variations for life as hunters. 32 Canine Incisor Molar 10/6/2016 saurabh bhargava • Large cutting canines for piercing the skin of prey, and for cutting and biting meat • Pointed incisors for tearing tissue • Even the cusps on a carnivore’s molars are high and pointed, in light of the fact that these teeth also are utilized in tearing and biting tissue. • Long roots on all teeth so they are all around secured for dealing with the extreme food material • Carnivores likewise have forward looking eyes, substantial skulls that help the huge muscles expected to work the jaws, and jaws that are exceptionally solid however that drop just here and there, not from one side to another.
33. Herbivores • Feed on plant material. They need to cut green verdant material off from grass roots (nibblers) and tree limbs (programs). The cellulose in leaves is ground down into a squash that can be all the more effectively processed. • Incisors have a level front line, for use in cutting off plant stems. Since these teeth wear out from this work, there is constant tooth development in numerous species. • Canines are frequently missing completely, as the food shouldn’t be caught, however squirrels might have pointed incisors that resemble canines, which they use to tear nuts open. • Molar teeth are tall and extremely wide. They have level upper jaw surfaces here and there with edges on them to assist with granulating plant material. Incisor Deer Molar 10/6/2016 33saurabh bhargava
34. Insectivores • They have a significant piece of sharp little stake like teeth that are comparable fit. • These are utilized in seizing and smashing hard-shelled bugs, and for holding on to worms as they are pulled from their tunnels. 10/6/2016 34saurabh bhargava
35. Omnivores • Omnivores have the most factor teeth, utilized for eating both plant and creature material that make up their expansive eating regimen. • Incisors are more digging tool formed than pointed • Long, sharp canines are utilized for penetrating and taking hold of creature prey. • Wide molar and premolar teeth handle both the biting of meat and the crushing of plant material. They have low uneven crowns. incisors molar premolar canine 10/6/2016 35saurabh bhargava
36. Dental Identification is Required when- — — Decomposing remains — Skeletonized remains — Charred remains — Doe Identification; Intact remaining parts with no putative casualty — Scientific check of personality is expected — Multiple bodies recuperated from a typical area — Mass debacle 10/6/2016 36saurabh bhargava
37. Foundation OF A PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION IS REQUIRED FOR LEGAL AND HUMANITARIAN REASONS-• Legal perspectives — Charging the suspect with a wrongdoing — Will probation — Insurance benefits — Bussiness matters — Lawsuits settlement — Remarriage endorse — Settlement of property related issues • Humanitarian angles — Proper interment/incineration as per religion and family wishes. 10/6/2016 37saurabh bhargava
38. Techniques for Identification • Visual acknowledgment by colleagues • Personal impacts/effects (Rigor mortis, deterioration, creature predation, purposeful misidentification, acquired and taken articles and so on can darken the visual ID). • Fingerprinting method • Dental recognizable proof • DNA procedures (Scientific, solid, legitimate and target strategies) 10/6/2016 38saurabh bhargava
39. Dentition; an ideal identifier..? • Written underneath are the characteristics that are available in dentition and related constructions ; making them the ideal logical identifier — 1. Stable and tough (tooth material and remedial materials) — Teeth are the most strong organs in the body and can be warmed to temperature of 1600°C without obvious loss of miniature construction. 2. Uniqueness (size/shape/design/wear/fix) — The 16 missing teeth can create is around 600 million distinctive number of mixes . — Four absent and four filled teeth in a mouth joined can deliver in excess of 700 millions mixes. — Although teeth are moderately impervious to ecological affronts after death, during life they are vulnerable to physiological and obsessive changes. 3. Past records 10/6/2016 39saurabh bhargava
40. An ideal identifier..?? • Since teeth can oppose outrageous conditions, they are the magnificent wellspring of DNA. • This works with examination with the known organic risk mortem test of the individual like hair, epithelial cells from a tooth brush or a biopsy example. • If the people risk mortem test is inaccessible, the DNA example might be contrasted with a parent or a kin, hence permitting ident.
Know More,
Digital Marketing Company in Nagpur
Top Transport Companies in India
Best Radiation Oncologist in Pune
Top Transport Companies in Bangalore
Logistics Companies in Chennai
Comments
Post a Comment